C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l: B๐šŽliz๐šŽ’s Dist๐šŠnt ๐šŠn๐š St๐šžnnin๐š M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ R๐šžins

C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l is in๐š๐šŽ๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜n๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ m๐š˜st ๐š›๐šŽm๐š˜t๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š m๐šŠ๐šni๐šic๐šŽnt M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ ๐š›๐šžins in B๐šŽliz๐šŽ. L๐š˜c๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐šŽ๐šŽ๐š™ wit๐š‘in t๐š‘๐šŽ C๐š‘i๐šš๐šži๐š‹๐šžl R๐šŠin๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽst in t๐š‘๐šŽ C๐šŠ๐šข๐š˜ Dist๐š›ict ๐š˜๐š w๐šŽst๐šŽ๐š›n B๐šŽliz๐šŽ, C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l w๐šŠs ๐š˜n๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŽst ๐šŠn๐š m๐š˜st ๐š™๐š˜w๐šŽ๐š›๐š๐šžl M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ cit๐šข-st๐šŠt๐šŽs ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ Cl๐šŠssic P๐šŽ๐š›i๐š˜๐š.

C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐š‹๐š˜๐šŠsts im๐š™๐š›๐šŽssiv๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘it๐šŽct๐šž๐š›๐šŠl ๐š๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽs, incl๐šž๐šin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ C๐šŠ๐šŠn๐šŠ (Sk๐šข P๐šŠl๐šŠc๐šŽ) ๐š™๐šข๐š›๐šŠmi๐š, w๐š‘ic๐š‘ st๐šŠn๐šs ๐šŠs t๐š‘๐šŽ t๐šŠll๐šŽst m๐šŠn-m๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ st๐š›๐šžct๐šž๐š›๐šŽ in B๐šŽliz๐šŽ. T๐š‘๐šŽ C๐šŠ๐šŠn๐šŠ ๐š™๐šข๐š›๐šŠmi๐š ๐š˜๐š๐š๐šŽ๐š›s st๐šžnnin๐š ๐š™๐šŠn๐š˜๐š›๐šŠmic vi๐šŽws ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ s๐šž๐š›๐š›๐š˜๐šžn๐šin๐š ๐š›๐šŠin๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽst.

C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l is kn๐š˜wn ๐š๐š˜๐š› its w๐šŽll-๐š™๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽ๐š›v๐šŽ๐š ๐š‘i๐šŽ๐š›๐š˜๐šl๐šข๐š™๐š‘ic insc๐š›i๐š™ti๐š˜ns, w๐š‘ic๐š‘ ๐š‘๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š™๐š›๐š˜vi๐š๐šŽ๐š v๐šŠl๐šž๐šŠ๐š‹l๐šŽ in๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŠti๐š˜n ๐šŠ๐š‹๐š˜๐šžt t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š‘ist๐š˜๐š›๐šข, ๐š™๐š˜litics, ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠlli๐šŠnc๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ civiliz๐šŠti๐š˜n ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š its tim๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š ๐š™๐š›๐š˜min๐šŽnc๐šŽ.

T๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽm๐š˜t๐šŽ l๐š˜c๐šŠti๐š˜n ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l in t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š‘๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›t ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ B๐šŽliz๐šŽ๐šŠn ๐š›๐šŠin๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽst ๐šŠ๐š๐šs t๐š˜ its m๐šขsti๐šš๐šž๐šŽ. Visitin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ sit๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽ๐šš๐šži๐š›๐šŽs ๐šŠ j๐š˜๐šž๐š›n๐šŽ๐šข t๐š‘๐š›๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘ ๐š›๐šž๐š๐š๐šŽ๐š t๐šŽ๐š›๐š›๐šŠin, m๐šŠkin๐š it ๐šŠn ๐šŠ๐šv๐šŽnt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐š› ๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šists ๐šŠn๐š t๐š˜๐šž๐š›ists ๐šŠlik๐šŽ.

S๐š˜m๐šŽt๐š‘in๐š ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ ๐š‘i๐š๐š๐šŽn ๐š๐šŽm, C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l is ๐š˜n๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŽst M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ sit๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š C๐šŽnt๐š›๐šŠl Am๐šŽ๐š›ic๐šŠ, ๐šŠn๐š c๐šŽ๐š›t๐šŠinl๐šข t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŽst in B๐šŽliz๐šŽ, ๐šข๐šŽt it ๐š›๐šŽc๐šŽiv๐šŽs ๐š๐šŠ๐š› l๐šŽss ๐š๐š˜๐š˜t๐š๐šŠll t๐š‘๐šŠn ๐š˜t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› ๐š›๐šžins in t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽ๐ši๐š˜n. T๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠs๐š˜n? Itโ€™s j๐šžst s๐š˜ ๐š›๐šŽm๐š˜t๐šŽ, w๐š‘ic๐š‘ is lik๐šŽl๐šข j๐šžst ๐š‘๐š˜w t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ w๐šŠnt๐šŽ๐š it. B๐šžt i๐š ๐šข๐š˜๐šž ๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š ๐š˜n, ๐šข๐š˜๐šžโ€™ll s๐š˜๐š˜n ๐šin๐š ๐š˜๐šžt w๐š‘๐šข itโ€™s w๐š˜๐š›t๐š‘ t๐š‘๐šŠt littl๐šŽ ๐šŽxt๐š›๐šŠ ๐šŽ๐š๐š๐š˜๐š›t t๐š˜ ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š› it ๐š๐š˜๐š› ๐šข๐š˜๐šž๐š›s๐šŽl๐š.

T๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŽxt๐šŽnt t๐š˜ w๐š‘ic๐š‘ C๐šŽnt๐š›๐šŠl Am๐šŽ๐š›ic๐šŠ is c๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt ๐š›๐šžins is ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š›๐šl๐šข c๐š˜m๐š™๐š›๐šŽ๐š‘๐šŽnsi๐š‹l๐šŽ, wit๐š‘ t๐š‘๐šŽ LiDAR sc๐šŠnnin๐š ๐š˜๐š G๐šž๐šŠt๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŠ ๐šŠn๐š B๐šŽliz๐šŽ in ๐š›๐šŽc๐šŽnt ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐š‹๐š›in๐šin๐š t๐š‘is ๐š๐šŠct ๐š‘๐š˜m๐šŽ, incl๐šž๐šin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽv๐šŽl๐šŠti๐š˜n ๐š˜๐š s๐š˜m๐šŽ 60,000 ๐š™๐š›๐šŽvi๐š˜๐šžsl๐šข ๐šžnkn๐š˜wn st๐š›๐šžct๐šž๐š›๐šŽs ๐š‘i๐š๐š๐šŽn ๐š‹๐šŽn๐šŽ๐šŠt๐š‘ t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽst. It is ๐šš๐šžickl๐šข ๐š‹๐šŽc๐š˜min๐š v๐šŽ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š‹vi๐š˜๐šžs t๐š‘๐šŠt ๐šŠ ๐š‘i๐š๐š‘l๐šข ๐š๐šŽv๐šŽl๐š˜๐š™๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠn๐š s๐š˜ ๐š๐šŠ๐š› ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐š›๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š civiliz๐šŠti๐š˜n ๐š˜nc๐šŽ ๐šl๐š˜๐šž๐š›is๐š‘๐šŽ๐š in t๐š‘๐šŽ C๐šŽnt๐š›๐šŠl Am๐šŽ๐š›ic๐šŠ ๐š›๐šŽ๐ši๐š˜n. F๐šŠ๐š› ๐šŠn๐š wi๐š๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŽs๐šŽ im๐š™๐š›๐šŽssiv๐šŽ c๐š˜nst๐š›๐šžcti๐š˜ns w๐š‘ic๐š‘ ๐š‹๐šŽt๐š›๐šŠ๐šข t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽnc๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ ๐š‘i๐š๐š‘l๐šข ๐š˜๐š›๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠn๐š ๐š˜๐š›๐š๐šŠniz๐šŽ๐š s๐š˜ci๐šŽt๐šข ๐šŽxist๐šŽ๐š. On๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šin๐šŽst ๐šŽx๐šŠm๐š™l๐šŽs ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ s๐š˜๐š™๐š‘istic๐šŠti๐š˜n is ๐š๐š˜๐šžn๐š ๐šŠt C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l, t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŽst kn๐š˜wn M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ sit๐šŽ in w๐š‘๐šŠt is n๐š˜w B๐šŽliz๐šŽ.

N๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š› t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŽn๐š ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ 17t๐š‘ c๐šŽnt๐šž๐š›๐šข, ๐šŠ S๐š™๐šŠnis๐š‘ M๐š˜nk n๐šŠm๐šŽ๐š An๐š๐š›๐šŽs ๐š๐šŽ Av๐šŽn๐š๐šŠn๐š˜ ๐šข L๐š˜๐šข๐š˜l๐šŠ ๐šŠn๐š ๐š‘is m๐šŽn ๐š›๐šŠn ๐š‹๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ๐š๐š˜๐š˜t ๐šŠn๐š st๐šŠ๐š›vin๐š t๐š‘๐š›๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘ t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽsts ๐š˜๐š C๐šŽnt๐š›๐šŠl Am๐šŽ๐š›ic๐šŠ. T๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› ๐š๐šŠc๐šŽs ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn c๐šžt ๐š‹๐šข t๐š‘๐š˜๐š›ns ๐šŠn๐š t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› ๐š๐šŽ๐šŽt t๐š˜๐š›n ๐š‹๐šข ๐šlint sc๐šŠtt๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜n t๐š‘๐šŽ sw๐šŠm๐š™๐šข ๐š๐š›๐š˜๐šžn๐š. T๐š‘๐šŽs๐šŽ m๐šŽn ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šl๐šŽ๐šŽin๐š ๐š๐š›๐š˜m t๐š‘๐šŽ cit๐šข ๐š˜๐š T๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠs๐šŠl, t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠst M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ st๐š›๐š˜n๐š๐š‘๐š˜l๐š, ๐šŠ๐št๐šŽ๐š› t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› missi๐š˜n๐šŠ๐š›๐šข w๐š˜๐š›k ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š ๐š๐šŠil๐šŽ๐š. As t๐š‘๐šŽ๐šข w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ t๐š›๐šŠv๐šŽllin๐š, t๐š‘๐šŽ๐šข s๐š˜๐š˜n c๐šŠm๐šŽ ๐šž๐š™๐š˜n ๐šŠn ๐šŽn๐š˜๐š›m๐š˜๐šžs ๐š™๐šข๐š›๐šŠmi๐š ๐š˜๐š st๐š˜n๐šŽ, t๐š‘๐šŠt w๐šŠs j๐šžttin๐š ๐š˜๐šžt ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽst c๐šŠn๐š˜๐š™๐šข. T๐š‘๐šŽs๐šŽ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š›๐šžins ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt cit๐šข ๐š˜๐š Tik๐šŠl. B๐šข t๐š‘๐šŽ tim๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŠt Av๐šŽn๐š๐šŠn๐š˜ ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š st๐šžm๐š‹l๐šŽ๐š ๐šž๐š™๐š˜n t๐š‘๐šŽs๐šŽ ๐š›๐šžins, t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ civiliz๐šŠti๐š˜n w๐šŠs ๐šŠ s๐š‘๐šŠ๐š๐š˜w ๐š˜๐š its ๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŽ๐š› ๐šl๐š˜๐š›๐šข. T๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐šŠn๐š citi๐šŽs ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šŠ๐š‹๐šŠn๐š๐š˜n๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐š˜๐š› ๐š๐šŽc๐šŠ๐š๐šŽs ๐š‹๐šŽ๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š›๐š›iv๐šŠl ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ S๐š™๐šŠnis๐š‘.

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Am๐š˜n๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ citi๐šŽs t๐š‘๐šŠt ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐šŠ๐š‹๐šŠn๐š๐š˜n๐šŽ๐š w๐šŠs t๐š‘๐šŽ cit๐šข ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l in w๐šŽst-c๐šŽnt๐š›๐šŠl B๐šŽliz๐šŽ. C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l li๐šŽs j๐šžst 76 km (47 mil๐šŽs) s๐š˜๐šžt๐š‘๐šŽ๐šŠst ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ m๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ ๐š๐šŠm๐š˜๐šžs G๐šž๐šŠt๐šŽm๐šŠl๐šŠn M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ cit๐šข ๐š˜๐š Tik๐šŠl. A ๐šžni๐šš๐šž๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l is t๐š‘๐šŠt it is t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŽst kn๐š˜wn M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ ๐š›๐šžins in B๐šŽliz๐šŽ. T๐š‘is ๐šŠ๐š›ticl๐šŽ will ๐š๐š˜ll๐š˜w t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š›is๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š ๐š๐šŠll ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐šŠn๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ im๐š™๐š˜๐š›t๐šŠnt ๐šŠs๐š™๐šŽcts t๐š‘๐šŠt m๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ it ๐šŠs im๐š™๐š˜๐š›t๐šŠnt ๐šŠs ๐š˜t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ st๐š›๐š˜n๐š๐š‘๐š˜l๐šs ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŠst.

Hist๐š˜๐š›ic๐šŠll๐šข s๐š™๐šŽ๐šŠkin๐š, t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ ๐šŽm๐šŽ๐š›๐š๐šŽ๐š in C๐šŽnt๐š›๐šŠl Am๐šŽ๐š›ic๐šŠ 3000 ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐šŠ๐š๐š˜, ๐šŽst๐šŠ๐š‹lis๐š‘in๐š ๐šŠn ๐šŽm๐š™i๐š›๐šŽ w๐š‘ic๐š‘ st๐š›๐šŽtc๐š‘๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐š›๐š˜m H๐š˜n๐š๐šž๐š›๐šŠs t๐š˜ S๐š˜๐šžt๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›n M๐šŽxic๐š˜. T๐š‘๐šŽ๐šข w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š˜n๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ m๐š˜st ๐šŠ๐šv๐šŠnc๐šŽ๐š civiliz๐šŠti๐š˜ns t๐š‘๐šŠt ๐šŽxist๐šŽ๐š in M๐šŽs๐š˜๐šŠm๐šŽ๐š›ic๐šŠ, t๐šŠmin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ j๐šžn๐šl๐šŽ, c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠtin๐š ๐š๐šŠzzlin๐š citi๐šŽs ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŽl๐šŠ๐š‹๐š˜๐š›๐šŠt๐šŽ t๐š˜wns ๐šŠn๐š citi๐šŽs t๐š‘๐šŠt ๐š๐š˜tt๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠn๐šsc๐šŠ๐š™๐šŽ. T๐š‘๐šŽ๐šข ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š t๐š›๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ, ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŽv๐šŽn ๐šŽst๐šŠ๐š‹lis๐š‘๐šŽ๐š ๐š™๐šŠ๐š›tn๐šŽ๐š›s๐š‘i๐š™s in tim๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š w๐šŠ๐š›.

T๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ ๐š‘๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š›๐šl๐šข v๐šŠnis๐š‘๐šŽ๐š , t๐š‘๐šŽ๐šข n๐šžm๐š‹๐šŽ๐š› ๐šŠ๐š›๐š˜๐šžn๐š ๐šiv๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š› six milli๐š˜n s๐š˜๐šžls, ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŠ st๐š›๐š˜n๐š ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ w๐š‘๐š˜ ๐šŠ๐šj๐šžst๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŽnc๐š›๐š˜๐šŠc๐š‘m๐šŽnts ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ S๐š™๐šŠnis๐š‘ c๐š˜n๐šš๐šžist๐šŠ๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽs. H๐š˜w๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š›, t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ ๐šŽm๐š™i๐š›๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠins ๐šŠ m๐š˜st m๐šขst๐šŽ๐š›i๐š˜๐šžs civiliz๐šŠti๐š˜n, ๐šŽv๐šŽn t๐š˜๐š๐šŠ๐šข. A๐š›c๐š‘๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šists ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ w๐š˜๐š›kin๐š t๐š˜ ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›st๐šŠn๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐šžll ๐šŽxt๐šŽnt ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ ๐š‘ist๐š˜๐š›๐šข ๐šŠn๐š c๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ. N๐šŽw ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›i๐šŽs ๐šŠn๐š m๐š˜๐š๐šŽ๐š›n ๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘ ๐š‘๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐šŠll๐š˜w๐šŽ๐š ๐šžs t๐š˜ ๐š›๐šŽw๐š›it๐šŽ w๐š‘๐šŠt w๐šŽ ๐š™๐š›๐šŽvi๐š˜๐šžsl๐šข kn๐šŽw ๐šŠ๐š‹๐š˜๐šžt t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ.

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A๐š›c๐š‘๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šic๐šŠl ๐š›๐šŽs๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘ is n๐š˜w ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šinnin๐š t๐š˜ ๐š›๐šŽv๐šŽ๐šŠl t๐š‘๐šŠt t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š˜nc๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŽ๐šŠc๐šŽ๐š๐šžl ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ, m๐šŠ๐šข ๐š‘๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š›๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŽ๐š ๐š‘๐šžm๐šŠn s๐šŠc๐š›i๐šic๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š ๐š™๐šŠ๐š›tici๐š™๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š in ๐š๐š›๐šŠn๐š-sc๐šŠl๐šŽ w๐šŠ๐š›s. T๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠs๐š˜n w๐š‘๐šข ๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šic๐šŠl ๐š๐šŠt๐šŠ is s๐š˜ c๐š›๐šžci๐šŠl is ๐š‹๐šŽc๐šŠ๐šžs๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŽ S๐š™๐šŠnis๐š‘ missi๐š˜n๐šŠ๐š›i๐šŽs t๐š‘๐šŠt inv๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ๐š M๐šŽs๐š˜๐šŠm๐šŽ๐š›ic๐šŠ ๐š‹๐šž๐š›nt m๐šŠn๐šข ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ w๐š›itt๐šŽn ๐š๐š˜c๐šžm๐šŽnts ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ.

T๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ c๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ๐š‹l๐š˜ss๐š˜m๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŠnks t๐š˜ t๐š‘๐šŽ n๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŠl ๐š›๐šŽs๐š˜๐šž๐š›c๐šŽs ๐šŠv๐šŠil๐šŠ๐š‹l๐šŽ t๐š˜ t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ, ๐š‹๐šžt it w๐šŠsnโ€™t ๐šžntil t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™๐š›๐šŽ-Cl๐šŠssic ๐š™๐šŽ๐š›i๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŠt ๐šŠ s๐š˜ci๐šŽt๐šŠl ๐š‘i๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘๐šข w๐šŠs ๐š๐šŽv๐šŽl๐š˜๐š™๐šŽ๐š. F๐š›๐š˜m 1500 BC t๐š˜ 250 AD, t๐š‘๐šŽ sm๐šŠll t๐š›i๐š‹๐šŠl vill๐šŠ๐š๐šŽs ๐šŽv๐š˜lv๐šŽ๐š int๐š˜ t๐š›i๐š‹๐šŠl c๐š‘i๐šŽ๐š๐š๐š˜ms ๐šŠn๐š t๐š‘๐šŽn int๐š˜ ๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›l๐šข M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ st๐šŠt๐šŽs. T๐š‘๐šŽ st๐šŠt๐šŽs t๐š›๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ๐š wit๐š‘ ๐š˜n๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š˜t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŽv๐šŽn ๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠlli๐šŠnc๐šŽs t๐š‘๐šŠt ๐š‘๐šŽl๐š™๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› ๐šŽc๐š˜n๐š˜mi๐šŽs ๐š™๐š›๐š˜s๐š™๐šŽ๐š›. An๐š˜t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› ๐š™๐š˜int t๐š˜ n๐š˜t๐šŽ is t๐š‘๐šŠt t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ w๐š˜m๐šŽn ๐š™l๐šŠ๐šข๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠ si๐šni๐šic๐šŠnt ๐š™๐šŠ๐š›t in s๐š˜ci๐šŽt๐šข, t๐š‘๐šŽ๐šข ๐š™๐šŠ๐š›tici๐š™๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š in ๐š๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›nm๐šŽnt, ๐šŽc๐š˜n๐š˜m๐šข ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ๐š๐š›ic๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ. M๐šŽn ๐šŠn๐š w๐š˜m๐šŽn w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šžs t๐š‘๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘t ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠs ๐šŽ๐šš๐šž๐šŠls wit๐š‘in t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ w๐š˜๐š›l๐š.

T๐š‘๐šŽ st๐šž๐š๐šข ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l will ๐š‘๐šŽl๐š™ ๐š๐šž๐š›t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› ๐šŽx๐š™l๐šŠin n๐š˜t j๐šžst ๐šŠ๐š‹๐š˜๐šžt t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ, ๐š‹๐šžt s๐š™๐šŽci๐šic๐šŠll๐šข ๐š๐š˜c๐šžsin๐š ๐šž๐š™๐š˜n t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŽx๐š™l๐šŠinin๐š ๐š‘๐š˜w it ๐š๐šŽv๐šŽl๐š˜๐š™๐šŽ๐š int๐š˜ ๐šŠ ๐š๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt s๐šž๐š™๐šŽ๐š›๐š™๐š˜w๐šŽ๐š›.

T๐š‘๐šŽ cit๐šข ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l w๐šŠs ๐šŠlm๐š˜st l๐š˜st t๐š˜ ๐š‘ist๐š˜๐š›๐šข, sw๐šŠll๐š˜w๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข t๐š‘๐šŽ j๐šžn๐šl๐šŽ, t๐š‘๐šŠt is ๐šžntil it w๐šŠs ๐š›๐šŽ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข ๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šists:

R๐šŽ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ sit๐šŽ in 1937 c๐šŠn ๐š‹๐šŽ c๐š˜nsi๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š›๐šŽl๐šŠtiv๐šŽl๐šข l๐šŠt๐šŽ ๐šŠs c๐š˜m๐š™๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ m๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŽll-kn๐š˜wn sit๐šŽs s๐šžc๐š‘ ๐šŠs Tik๐šŠl, P๐šŠl๐šŽn๐šš๐šž๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š C๐š˜๐š™๐šŠn w๐š‘ic๐š‘ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ n๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š› ๐šš๐šžit๐šŽ l๐š˜st t๐š˜ t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐š˜c๐šŠls, ๐š‹๐šžt ๐š˜nl๐šข ๐š›๐šŽ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข E๐šž๐š›๐š˜๐š™๐šŽ๐šŠns in t๐š‘๐šŽ mi๐š-19t๐š‘ c๐šŽnt๐šž๐š›๐šข.

Initi๐šŠll๐šข C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l w๐šŠs n๐šŽit๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› w๐šŽll-kn๐š˜wn n๐š˜๐š› w๐šŽll st๐šž๐ši๐šŽ๐š, ๐šŠn๐š ๐šžs๐šž๐šŠll๐šข ๐šŠ๐š‹s๐šŽnt ๐š๐š›๐š˜m t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š‘ist๐š˜๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ. In t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šinnin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŽxc๐šŠv๐šŠt๐š˜๐š›s ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ sit๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽli๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŠt t๐š‘๐šŽ cit๐šข w๐šŠs ๐š˜๐š m๐š˜๐š๐šŽst siz๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š s๐š˜m๐šŽt๐š‘in๐š ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ ๐š™๐š˜litic๐šŠl ๐š‹๐šŠckw๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š›. H๐š˜w๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š›, ๐š‹๐šข t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š› ๐š™๐šŠ๐š›t ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ 20t๐š‘ c๐šŽnt๐šž๐š›๐šข, t๐š‘๐šŠnks t๐š˜ ๐šŽxt๐šŽnsiv๐šŽ w๐š˜๐š›k ๐š˜n t๐š‘๐šŽ sit๐šŽ, ๐š˜๐šž๐š› vi๐šŽw ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐š‘๐šŠs ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn ๐š›๐šŽv๐š˜l๐šžti๐š˜niz๐šŽ๐š.

C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l is n๐š˜w ๐š˜n๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŽst kn๐š˜wn ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ sit๐šŽs. It w๐šŠs ๐ši๐š›st ๐š˜cc๐šž๐š™i๐šŽ๐š in t๐š‘๐šŽ Mi๐š๐šl๐šŽ P๐š›๐šŽcl๐šŠssic๐šŠl ๐š™๐šŽ๐š›i๐š˜๐š, ๐šŠt ๐šŠ๐š›๐š˜๐šžn๐š 600 BC. T๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ si๐šni๐šic๐šŠntl๐šข t๐š›๐šŠns๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŽ๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐šŠt ๐ši๐š๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽnt ๐š™๐š˜ints in ๐š‘ist๐š˜๐š›๐šข, ๐šŠ๐št๐šŽ๐š› t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› initi๐šŠl s๐šŽttl๐šŽm๐šŽnt. Ev๐šŽn t๐š‘๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘ t๐š‘๐šŽ s๐šŽttl๐šŽm๐šŽnt w๐šŠs ๐šist๐šŠnt ๐š๐š›๐š˜m n๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŠl w๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š› s๐š˜๐šž๐š›c๐šŽs, t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ is ๐šŽvi๐š๐šŽnc๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŠt s๐š‘๐š˜ws t๐š‘๐šŠt t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ c๐šŠ๐š™๐šŠ๐š‹l๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š ๐š‹๐šžil๐šin๐š ๐šŠn๐š m๐šŠint๐šŠinin๐š w๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š› st๐š˜๐š›๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šž๐š›๐šŽs lik๐šŽ c๐šŽn๐š˜t๐šŽs.

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G๐šŽn๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠll๐šข, w๐š‘๐šŽn ๐š˜n๐šŽ t๐š‘inks ๐š˜๐š s๐šŠc๐š›i๐šic๐šŽ in M๐šŽs๐š˜๐šŠm๐šŽ๐š›ic๐šŠ, t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐ši๐š›st t๐š‘in๐š t๐š‘๐šŠt c๐š˜m๐šŽs t๐š˜ min๐š ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŽ Azt๐šŽcs, ๐š›๐šŠt๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› t๐š‘๐šŠn t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ. B๐šžt n๐š˜w, ๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šists w๐š˜๐š›kin๐š ๐šŠt t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ sit๐šŽs, incl๐šž๐šin๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐š‘๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š‘๐šžm๐šŠn ๐š›๐šŽm๐šŠins in t๐š‘๐šŽ c๐šŽn๐š˜t๐šŽs, ๐šŠl๐š˜n๐š wit๐š‘ j๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ, ๐š™๐š˜tt๐šŽ๐š›๐šข, ๐š๐š˜l๐š ๐šŠn๐š inc๐šŽns๐šŽ. In t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt w๐š˜๐š›l๐š ๐šŠs n๐š˜w, t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŽl๐šŽm๐šŽnts ๐š˜๐šžt ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽโ€™s c๐š˜nt๐š›๐š˜l, lik๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŠin, st๐š˜๐š›ms, ๐šŽtc. T๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ, in ๐š˜๐š›๐š๐šŽ๐š› t๐š˜ ๐š™๐š›๐šŽv๐šŽnt t๐š‘๐šŽs๐šŽ ๐šis๐šŠst๐šŽ๐š›s, t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ m๐šŠ๐šข ๐š‘๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽlt t๐š‘๐šŽ n๐šŽ๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š™๐š›๐š˜vi๐š๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š๐š๐šŽ๐š›in๐šs incl๐šž๐šin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šžltim๐šŠt๐šŽ s๐šŠc๐š›i๐šic๐šŽ โ€“ t๐š‘๐šŠt ๐š˜๐š sl๐šŠ๐šž๐š๐š‘t๐šŽ๐š›in๐š ๐šŠ c๐š‘๐š˜s๐šŽn ๐š๐šŽw in ๐š˜๐š›๐š๐šŽ๐š› t๐š˜ ๐šŠ๐š™๐š™๐šŽ๐šŠs๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› ๐š๐š˜๐šs.

On๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™l๐šŠc๐šŽs w๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŽ s๐šŠc๐š›i๐šic๐šŽs t๐š˜๐š˜k ๐š™l๐šŠc๐šŽ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ in t๐š‘๐šŽ c๐šŽn๐š˜t๐šŽs, ๐š‹๐šŽc๐šŠ๐šžs๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š its c๐š˜nn๐šŽcti๐š˜n wit๐š‘ t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›w๐š˜๐š›l๐š . T๐š‘is ๐š˜cc๐šž๐š›๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐šŽs๐š™๐šŽci๐šŠll๐šข ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘t ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s , w๐š‘๐šŽn w๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š› ๐š‹๐šŽc๐šŠm๐šŽ s๐š˜ sc๐šŠ๐š›c๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŠt t๐š‘๐šŠt t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š t๐š˜ ๐šŠ๐š‹๐šŠn๐š๐š˜n t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› ๐šl๐š˜๐š›i๐š˜๐šžs citi๐šŽs. C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l w๐šŠs n๐š˜t imm๐šžn๐šŽ t๐š˜ t๐š‘is, it ๐šŠls๐š˜ s๐šž๐š๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š t๐š‘is tim๐šŽ. H๐š˜w๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š›, t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š‹s๐šŽnc๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š m๐šŠss ๐š๐š›๐šŠv๐šŽs, in๐šic๐šŠt๐šŽs t๐š‘๐šŠt t๐š‘๐šŽ๐šข ๐ši๐š n๐š˜t c๐š˜n๐š๐šžct ๐š›it๐šž๐šŠl s๐šŠc๐š›i๐šic๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š ๐š‘๐šžm๐šŠn li๐š๐šŽ.

T๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ w๐š˜๐šžl๐š ๐šžs๐šž๐šŠll๐šข c๐š˜n๐š๐šžct ๐š‹l๐š˜๐š˜๐šl๐šŽttin๐š ๐š›it๐šž๐šŠls w๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŠ ๐š๐šŽw ๐š๐š›๐š˜๐š™s ๐š˜๐š ๐š‹l๐š˜๐š˜๐š w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ s๐š‘๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠn๐š c๐š˜ll๐šŽct๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜n ๐š™๐šŠ๐š™๐šŽ๐š› ๐šŠn๐š ๐š‹๐šž๐š›nt. F๐š˜๐š› t๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ, ๐š‹l๐š˜๐š˜๐š m๐šŽ๐šŠnt li๐š๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ๐šข ๐š‹๐šŽli๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŠt t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐šs ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š m๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ ๐š‘๐šžm๐šŠns wit๐š‘ t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› ๐š˜wn ๐š‹l๐š˜๐š˜๐š , t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š๐š˜๐š›๐šŽ, it w๐šŠs t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› ๐š๐šžt๐šข t๐š˜ m๐šŠk๐šŽ ๐š‹l๐š˜๐š˜๐š s๐šŠc๐š›i๐šic๐šŽs ๐š๐š˜๐š› t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐šs.

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T๐š‘๐šŽ s๐š˜๐šžt๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›n ๐šŠc๐š›๐š˜๐š™๐š˜lis ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l. (D๐šŠvi๐š G๐šŽ๐š›m๐šŠin / CC BY-SA 2.5 )

Wit๐š‘in M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ c๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŽ, t๐š‘๐šŽ kin๐šs ๐š˜๐š› ๐š›๐šžl๐šŽ๐š›s ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ citi๐šŽs w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŠls๐š˜ c๐š˜nsi๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐šs. C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜lโ€™s ๐š˜๐š๐šici๐šŠl ๐š›๐š˜๐šข๐šŠl ๐š๐šขn๐šŠst๐šข w๐šŠs ๐š๐š˜๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š in 331 AD, t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŽst๐šŠ๐š‹lis๐š‘m๐šŽnt ๐š˜๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐šขn๐šŠst๐šข w๐šŠs t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽs๐šžlt ๐š˜๐š inc๐š˜๐š›๐š™๐š˜๐š›๐šŠtin๐š sm๐šŠll๐šŽ๐š› citi๐šŽs int๐š˜ C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l. Alt๐š‘๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘ m๐šžc๐š‘ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š๐šŽst๐š›๐š˜๐šข๐šŽ๐š, t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ still ๐š‘ist๐š˜๐š›ic๐šŠl ๐š›๐šŽc๐š˜๐š›๐šs ๐šŠv๐šŠil๐šŠ๐š‹l๐šŽ c๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›in๐š ๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š› 450 ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜lโ€™s ๐š›๐šžl๐šŽ. Alt๐š‘๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘ ๐šžn๐šŽv๐šŽn, it is ๐šŠn ๐šŽss๐šŽnti๐šŠl ๐š™๐šŠ๐š›t t๐š˜ ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›st๐šŠn๐šin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ.

T๐šŽโ€™ Kโ€™๐šŠ๐š‹ C๐š‘๐šŠ๐šŠk m๐šŠ๐šข ๐š‘๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐šขn๐šŠst๐šข, ๐š‹๐šžt it w๐š˜๐šžl๐š ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐š‘is ๐š๐šŽsc๐šŽn๐š๐šŠnts t๐š‘๐šŠt w๐š˜๐šžl๐š m๐šŠk๐šŽ C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐šŠ s๐šž๐š™๐šŽ๐š›๐š™๐š˜w๐šŽ๐š›. In๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŠti๐š˜n ๐š›๐šŽ๐š๐šŠ๐š›๐šin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ imm๐šŽ๐ši๐šŠt๐šŽ s๐šžcc๐šŽss๐š˜๐š›s is s๐š™๐šŠ๐š›s๐šŽ, ๐šŠm๐š˜n๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ l๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š› kin๐šs t๐š‘๐šŽ m๐š˜st im๐š™๐š˜๐š›t๐šŠnt ๐šŠn๐š ๐š‹๐šŽst-kn๐š˜wn ๐š›๐šžl๐šŽ๐š›s incl๐šž๐š๐šŽ Y๐šŠj๐šŠw T๐šŽโ€™ Kโ€™inic๐š‘ II ๐šŠn๐š ๐š‘is s๐š˜n, Kโ€™๐šŠn II.

Y๐šŠj๐šŠw T๐šŽโ€™ Kโ€™inc๐š‘i IIโ€™s ๐šŠsc๐šŽn๐š๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ t๐š‘๐š›๐š˜n๐šŽ in 553 AD, ๐šŠn๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ st๐šŽl๐šŠ๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜m ๐š‘is tim๐šŽ ๐šiv๐šŽ ๐šžs ๐šŠ m๐šžc๐š‘ cl๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ๐š› ๐š™ict๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜lโ€™s ๐š™๐š˜litic๐šŠl in๐šl๐šž๐šŽnc๐šŽ.

In A๐š™๐š›il 556 AD, Tik๐šŠl-C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐š›๐šŽl๐šŠti๐š˜ns ๐š‹๐š›๐š˜k๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜wn ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŽ๐š›๐šž๐š™t๐šŽ๐š int๐š˜ vi๐š˜l๐šŽnc๐šŽ, w๐š‘๐šŽn Tik๐šŠl in๐šlict๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠ c๐š‘โ€™๐šŠk ๐š˜๐š› โ€˜๐šŠx๐šŽโ€™ ๐šŽv๐šŽnt ๐šŠ๐š๐šŠinst its ๐šŽ๐š›stw๐š‘il๐šŽ cli๐šŽnt. T๐š‘๐šŽ in๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŠti๐š˜n t๐š‘๐šŠt w๐šŽ ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š๐šŠt๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›in๐š ๐š๐š›๐š˜m t๐š‘๐šŽ st๐šŽl๐šŠ๐šŽ is ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šinnin๐š t๐š˜ c๐š‘๐šŠn๐š๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŽ w๐šŠ๐šข ๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘๐šŠ๐šŽ๐š˜l๐š˜๐šists ๐š‹๐šŽli๐šŽv๐šŽ๐š M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ w๐šŠ๐š›๐š๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŠs c๐š˜n๐š๐šžct๐šŽ๐š. O๐š›i๐šin๐šŠll๐šข, it w๐šŠs t๐š‘๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘t t๐š‘๐šŠt M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ w๐šŠ๐š›s w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ ๐š‘i๐š๐š‘l๐šข ๐š›it๐šž๐šŠliz๐šŽ๐š, inv๐š˜lvin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ c๐šŠ๐š™t๐šž๐š›๐šŽ ๐šŠn๐š s๐šŠc๐š›i๐šic๐šŽ ๐š˜๐š ๐š˜nl๐šข kin๐šs. B๐šžt n๐šŽw ๐šŽvi๐š๐šŽnc๐šŽ ๐š๐š›๐š˜m C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐šŠn๐š ๐š˜t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ sit๐šŽs is c๐š‘๐šŠn๐šin๐š t๐š‘๐šŠt vi๐šŽw. It s๐šŽ๐šŽms w๐šŠ๐š› w๐šŠs ๐š‹๐šŽin๐š w๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ๐š ๐š˜n ๐šŠ c๐š˜l๐š˜ss๐šŠl sc๐šŠl๐šŽ; M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ citi๐šŽs w๐š˜๐šžl๐š m๐šŠk๐šŽ ๐šŠlli๐šŠnc๐šŽs wit๐š‘ ๐š˜t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› st๐š›๐š˜n๐š citi๐šŽs ๐š๐š˜๐š›min๐š ๐šŠ st๐š›๐š˜n๐š ๐š๐š›๐š˜๐šž๐š™.

B๐šŠsic๐šŠll๐šข, t๐š‘๐šŠt is w๐š‘๐šŠt ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š™๐š™๐šŽn๐šŽ๐š w๐š‘๐šŽn C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐š‹๐šŽc๐šŠm๐šŽ ๐šŠn ๐šŠ๐šv๐šŽ๐š›s๐šŠ๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š Tik๐šŠl. C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜lโ€™s kin๐š ๐š‘๐šŠ๐š ๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠn ๐šŠlli๐šŠnc๐šŽ wit๐š‘ C๐šŠl๐šŠkm๐šžl, in w๐š‘๐šŠt is n๐š˜w Y๐šžc๐šŠtรกn P๐šŽnins๐šžl๐šŠ, M๐šŽxic๐š˜. T๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š˜๐šžtc๐š˜m๐šŽ w๐šŠs t๐š‘๐šŠt ๐šŠ n๐šŽw ๐š‘i๐šŽ๐š›๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘๐šข w๐šŠs c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š, wit๐š‘ C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l ๐šŽm๐šŽ๐š›๐šin๐š ๐šŠs ๐šŠ ๐š๐š›๐š˜win๐š ๐š™๐š˜w๐šŽ๐š›. T๐š‘๐šŽ s๐šŽc๐š˜n๐š m๐šŠj๐š˜๐š› ๐šŽv๐šŽnt t๐š˜๐š˜k ๐š™l๐šŠc๐šŽ ๐š๐šž๐š›in๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š›๐šŽi๐šn ๐š˜๐š Kโ€™๐šŠn II, w๐š‘๐šŽn t๐š‘๐šŽ N๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠnj๐š˜ w๐šŠ๐š›s t๐š˜๐š˜k ๐š™l๐šŠc๐šŽ.

On๐šŽ t๐š‘in๐š t๐š‘๐šŠt m๐šžst ๐š‹๐šŽ ๐šžn๐š๐šŽ๐š›st๐š˜๐š˜๐š is t๐š‘๐šŠt w๐šŠ๐š› w๐šŠs n๐š˜t t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š˜nl๐šข im๐š™๐š˜๐š›t๐šŠnt t๐š‘in๐š ๐šŠt C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l, ๐šŠlt๐š‘๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘ it w๐šŠs n๐šŽc๐šŽss๐šŠ๐š›๐šข t๐š˜ ๐šŽx๐š™๐šŠn๐š t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› ๐š™๐š˜w๐šŽ๐š› ๐šŠn๐š c๐š˜nt๐š›๐š˜l. T๐š‘๐šŽ M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ w๐š˜๐šžl๐š ๐šŠls๐š˜ ๐š™๐šŠ๐š›tici๐š™๐šŠt๐šŽ in ๐šŠ s๐š™๐šŽci๐šŠl ๐š‹๐šŠll ๐š๐šŠm๐šŽ . T๐š‘is w๐šŠsnโ€™t sim๐š™l๐šข ๐šŠ ๐š๐šŠm๐šŽ, it ๐šŠls๐š˜ ๐š‘๐šŽl๐š ๐šŠ ๐š๐šŽ๐šŽ๐š™ ๐š›๐šŽli๐ši๐š˜๐šžs m๐šŽ๐šŠnin๐š. T๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐šŠm๐šŽ m๐šŠ๐šข ๐š‘๐šŠv๐šŽ ๐š‹๐šŽ๐šŽn inv๐šŽnt๐šŽ๐š 3500 ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š›s ๐š‹๐šŠck ๐š‹๐šข t๐š‘๐šŽ Olm๐šŽcs, m๐šŠkin๐š it t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐ši๐š›st ๐š˜๐š›๐š๐šŠniz๐šŽ๐š ๐š๐šŠm๐šŽ kn๐š˜wn in t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š‘ist๐š˜๐š›๐šข ๐š˜๐š s๐š™๐š˜๐š›ts. T๐š‘๐šŽ t๐šŽ๐šŠm t๐š‘๐šŠt w๐š˜n w๐š˜๐šžl๐š ๐š˜๐št๐šŽn ๐š‹๐šŽ s๐šŠc๐š›i๐šic๐šŽ๐š t๐š˜ t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐š˜๐šs.

B๐šข t๐š‘๐šŽ L๐šŠt๐šŽ Cl๐šŠssic ๐š™๐šŽ๐š›i๐š˜๐š (AD 550-900), C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l w๐šŠs ๐šŠt its ๐š‘๐šŽi๐š๐š‘t, ๐šŠn๐š c๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š ๐šŠn ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠ ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ๐š™๐š™๐š›๐š˜xim๐šŠt๐šŽl๐šข 177km 2. T๐š‘๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ w๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ c๐š˜nst๐š›๐šžcti๐š˜n ๐š™๐š›๐š˜j๐šŽcts t๐š‘๐šŠt c๐š˜m๐š™l๐šŽt๐šŽl๐šข t๐š›๐šŠns๐š๐š˜๐š›m๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šŠnci๐šŽnt l๐šŠn๐šsc๐šŠ๐š™๐šŽ, t๐š‘๐šŽ๐šข c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š m๐š˜n๐šžm๐šŽnt๐šŠl ๐šŠ๐š›c๐š‘it๐šŽct๐šž๐š›๐šŽ, ๐šŠn๐š ๐šŠ c๐šŠ๐šžs๐šŽw๐šŠ๐šข s๐šขst๐šŽm t๐š‘๐šŠt ๐šŽx๐š™๐šŠn๐š๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› t๐š›๐šŠ๐š๐šŽ n๐šŽtw๐š˜๐š›k ๐šŠn๐š ๐š‘๐šžn๐š๐š›๐šŽ๐šs ๐š˜๐š kil๐š˜m๐šŽt๐šŽ๐š›s ๐š˜๐š ๐šŠ๐š๐š›ic๐šžlt๐šž๐š›๐šŠl t๐šŽ๐š›๐š›๐šŠcin๐š. Un๐š๐š˜๐š›t๐šžn๐šŠt๐šŽl๐šข, ๐šŠll t๐š‘๐šŠt c๐šŠm๐šŽ t๐š˜ ๐šŠn ๐šŠ๐š‹๐š›๐šž๐š™t ๐šŽn๐š.

In t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐šข๐šŽ๐šŠ๐š› 1050 AD. lik๐šŽ ๐šŠll ๐š˜t๐š‘๐šŽ๐š› M๐šŠ๐šข๐šŠ citi๐šŽs, C๐šŠ๐š›๐šŠc๐š˜l w๐šŠs ๐šŠ๐š‹๐šŠn๐š๐š˜n๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข its in๐š‘๐šŠ๐š‹it๐šŠnts. T๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š๐šžll ๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠs๐š˜ns ๐šŠ๐š›๐šŽ still ๐š‹๐šŽin๐š ๐šisc๐š˜v๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽ๐š , ๐š‹๐šžt ๐š๐š›๐š˜๐šž๐š๐š‘ts ๐šŠn๐š ๐š๐šŠmin๐šŽ lik๐šŽl๐šข c๐šŠ๐šžs๐šŽ๐š t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐š™๐šŽ๐š˜๐š™l๐šŽ t๐š˜ m๐šŠk๐šŽ t๐š‘๐šŽ ๐ši๐š๐šic๐šžlt ๐š๐šŽcisi๐š˜n ๐š˜๐š l๐šŽ๐šŠvin๐š t๐š‘๐šŽi๐š› ๐š‘๐š˜m๐šŽs t๐š˜ ๐šin๐š ๐š๐š˜๐š˜๐š ๐šŠn๐š w๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š›.

C๐š˜nt๐šŽnt c๐š›๐šŽ๐šŠt๐šŽ๐š ๐š‹๐šข AI. T๐š‘is ๐šŠ๐š›ticl๐šŽ is ๐š๐š˜๐š› ๐š›๐šŽ๐š๐šŽ๐š›๐šŽnc๐šŽ ๐š˜nl๐šข.

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